At The Vale Veterinary Group in Cullompton, UK, we know how upsetting it can be to see your dog limping, in pain, or hesitant to run, jump, or even stand. One of the most common causes of hind leg lameness in dogs is a torn ACL—technically referred to as the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) in dogs.

This ligament plays a critical role in stabilising the knee joint. When torn, it causes pain, inflammation, and joint instability—and without treatment, it can lead to long-term arthritis and reduced mobility.

In this guide, we’ll explain what an ACL/CCL tear is, how to spot the signs, what treatment options are available, and how to support your dog’s recovery.

What Is the Cranial Cruciate Ligament (CCL)?

The CCL in dogs serves a similar function to the ACL in humans. It connects the femur (thigh bone) to the tibia (shin bone) and helps stabilise the knee (stifle) joint. When this ligament is stretched or torn, the knee becomes unstable—making walking painful and putting stress on other joint structures.

What Causes an ACL/CCL Tear in Dogs?

Several factors can lead to a partial or complete tear:

  • Sudden Injury: Twisting, jumping, or landing awkwardly during play or exercise.
  • Chronic Degeneration: Ligament fibres weaken over time, particularly in middle-aged or large-breed dogs.
  • Obesity: Extra weight increases strain on joints and accelerates wear and tear.
  • Breed Predisposition: Certain breeds, such as Labradors, Boxers, and Rottweilers, are more prone to cruciate injuries.

Over time, even a partial tear can worsen without treatment. Many dogs tear the opposite knee within 6–12 months due to overcompensation.

Symptoms of a Torn ACL in Dogs

You might notice:

  • Sudden limping or non-weight-bearing on a back leg
  • Stiffness after rest or exercise
  • Swelling around the knee joint
  • A “toe-touching” stance where only the toes of one leg rest on the ground
  • Difficulty rising, walking, or using stairs
  • Decreased activity or reluctance to play

Dogs with partial tears may limp intermittently—worsening with activity. A complete tear often causes persistent lameness and visible discomfort.

Why Early Diagnosis Matters

Without treatment, a torn CCL leads to joint instability, pain, and progressive osteoarthritis. Timely intervention not only reduces pain but also preserves long-term mobility.

If you’re unsure whether your dog’s limp is serious, schedule a consultation at The Vale Veterinary Group. We’re here to help you understand your options.

How a Torn ACL Is Diagnosed

In-Clinic Evaluation

Our veterinary team will perform a full physical and orthopaedic exam, often including:

  • Palpation tests for joint instability (e.g. the “cranial drawer” sign)
  • Gait analysis to observe how your dog walks and bears weight

Diagnostic Imaging

  • X-rays help rule out fractures and assess signs of arthritis or joint swelling
  • Advanced imaging (ultrasound or MRI) may be recommended for complex cases

We’ll walk you through our findings and recommend a treatment plan based on your dog’s age, size, activity level, and degree of injury.

Treatment Options for a Torn ACL

1. Conservative (Non-Surgical) Management

This approach may be appropriate for small, elderly, or less active dogs:

  • Rest and restricted movement (typically 6–8 weeks)
  • Weight loss to reduce joint strain
  • Joint supplements (glucosamine, chondroitin, omega-3s)
  • Physical therapy (massage, hydrotherapy, controlled exercises)
  • Anti-inflammatory medication to manage pain

While some dogs improve with conservative care, active or large dogs typically need surgery for long-term success.

2. Surgical Repair

Surgery restores knee stability and prevents further damage. We’ll recommend the best procedure for your dog:

Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy (TPLO)

  • Changes the angle of the tibia to stabilise the knee
  • Ideal for large, athletic dogs
  • Recovery: 12–16 weeks with structured rehab

Learn more about TPLO surgery

Tibial Tuberosity Advancement (TTA)

  • Adjusts how the quadriceps muscle pulls on the tibia
  • Suitable for medium to large breeds
  • Recovery: 12–16 weeks

Extracapsular Repair (Lateral Suture)

  • Uses strong sutures to stabilise the joint
  • Typically recommended for small dogs (<20kg)
  • Recovery: 8–12 weeks

Not sure which option is best for your pet? We’ll help you compare outcomes, risks, and recovery needs during your consultation.

Rehabilitation and Recovery

Post-surgical rehab is vital for restoring function and preventing re-injury.

Typical Recovery Timeline

  • Weeks 1–4: Rest, pain management, and gentle range-of-motion exercises
  • Weeks 5–8: Gradual leash walks and intro to hydrotherapy
  • Weeks 9–12+: Strength-building and return to normal activity

Rehabilitation Therapies

  • Hydrotherapy: Builds muscle without stressing joints
  • Cold laser therapy: Reduces inflammation and promotes healing
  • Manual therapies: Massage and stretching improve flexibility and comfort

Learn more about canine rehab at RehabVets.

Preventing Future Injuries

While not all ACL tears can be prevented, there are ways to reduce risk:

  • Maintain a healthy weight to reduce joint strain
  • Provide regular low-impact exercise (e.g. swimming or leash walks)
  • Avoid repetitive jumping, especially in at-risk breeds
  • Support joint health with veterinary-approved supplements
  • Use ramps instead of stairs for older or recovering dogs

Support and Expertise You Can Trust

ACL tears can be painful—but they’re also highly treatable. At The Vale Veterinary Group, we offer personalised treatment plans and ongoing support to help your dog return to a happy, active life.

If you suspect your dog has injured their knee, don’t wait.Contact us and let our experienced team guide you through diagnosis, treatment, and recovery every step of the way.

With early care and the right treatment plan, your dog doesn’t have to live in pain. Let’s help them get back on their feet.