Kennel Cough in Dogs: When to Seek Specialist Care

Kennel cough, formally known as Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex (CIRDC), is a highly contagious respiratory illness that can range from mild to life-threatening. While many cases resolve on their own, some dogs—particularly puppies, elderly dogs, immunocompromised pets, and brachycephalic breeds—may develop severe complications requiring specialist intervention.

At The Vale Veterinary Group in Cullompton, we specialise in managing complex and severe cases, ensuring dogs with respiratory distress receive the advanced diagnostics, hospital care, and specialist treatments they need for a full recovery.

What Causes Kennel Cough?

Kennel cough is not caused by a single pathogen but rather a combination of bacterial and viral infections affecting the respiratory tract. The most common culprits include:

  • Bordetella bronchiseptica (a primary bacterial cause)
  • Canine parainfluenza virus
  • Canine adenovirus type 2
  • Canine influenza virus
  • Mycoplasma species

Dogs contract the infection through aerosolised droplets, direct contact, or contaminated surfaces (such as shared water bowls). Environments like boarding kennels, dog parks, and veterinary waiting rooms increase the risk of exposure.

For more details on CIRDC, visit the AVMA’s guide on kennel cough.

Symptoms of Kennel Cough: Mild vs. Severe Cases

Mild Cases

  • Dry, hacking cough (often described as a “goose honk”)
  • Intermittent retching or gagging
  • Nasal discharge
  • Mild lethargy
  • Normal appetite and energy levels

Severe Cases (Require Specialist Care)

  • Persistent, worsening cough
  • Laboured or rapid breathing (tachypnoea)
  • Lethargy and refusal to eat
  • High fever
  • Thick nasal discharge or pus
  • Pneumonia (wet cough, difficulty breathing, blue gums)

Dogs with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS)—such as Bulldogs, Pugs, and Boxers—are at higher risk of airway obstruction and aspiration pneumonia. Learn more about BOAS and respiratory distress in affected breeds via Cornell Vet.

Diagnosing Severe Kennel Cough

For dogs with severe, prolonged, or worsening symptoms, further diagnostic testing is essential. At The Vale Veterinary Group, we use advanced tools to identify complications such as pneumonia or secondary infections.

Diagnostic Approaches Include:

  • Chest Radiographs (X-rays) – Assess for pneumonia or lung inflammation.
  • Bronchoscopy – A specialised procedure allowing visual examination of the airways.
  • PCR Testing – Identifies specific bacterial and viral pathogens.
  • Blood Work – Evaluates infection, inflammation, and immune response.

Treatment: Managing Mild vs. Severe Cases

Treatment for Mild Cases

  • Isolation from other dogs to prevent spread.
  • Rest and reduced activity.
  • Supportive care (hydration, humidified air).
  • Cough suppressants (only if prescribed by a vet).

Treatment for Severe Cases (Specialist-Level Care)

Dogs with pneumonia, persistent coughing, or difficulty breathing may require:

  • Oxygen therapy – For dogs with hypoxia (low oxygen levels).
  • Nebulisation and Coupage – A technique that helps loosen mucus for easier breathing.
  • Antibiotics – If a secondary bacterial infection is confirmed.
  • Hospitalisation – For intravenous fluids, intensive monitoring, and respiratory support.

Dogs in respiratory distress should receive immediate veterinary attention. The AAHA’s guide on respiratory distress in pets outlines emergency signs requiring urgent care (read more here).

Preventing Kennel Cough: Vaccination and Risk Reduction

Vaccination

The kennel cough vaccine (Bordetella + viral components) significantly reduces the severity of infection. Dogs at high risk—such as those in kennels, training classes, or daycare—should receive regular boosters. Learn about vaccine protocols from the AVMA.

Additional Preventative Measures

  • Avoid shared water bowls in public places.
  • Ensure proper ventilation in kennels.
  • Reduce stress, as weakened immune systems are more susceptible.

When to Seek Specialist Care at The Vale Veterinary Group

Not every case of kennel cough requires advanced intervention, but if your dog is struggling to breathe, refusing to eat, or showing signs of pneumonia, urgent care is necessary.

Signs that require specialist referral:

  • Rapid, laboured, or open-mouth breathing.
  • Persistent coughing for more than two weeks.
  • High fever, lethargy, or inappetence.
  • Complications in brachycephalic breeds or immunocompromised dogs.

At The Vale Veterinary Group, our team of veterinary specialists provides expert care for respiratory diseases, from diagnosis to treatment and recovery. If your dog is experiencing severe kennel cough symptoms, contact us today to schedule an evaluation.

Early intervention can prevent life-threatening complications. By recognising symptoms early and seeking veterinary care when needed, you can help your dog recover safely and comfortably.